Parameters Measured and Protocols included:

Selectable readout in either μmols, mmols, and moles, or in ppm and mbars.

ΦPSII:

Quantum Yield of PSII (or ΔF/Fm' or Y(II)).

J:

Electron transport rate also known as ETR.

PAR:

Photosynthetically Active Region value.

α:

Leaf absorptance of PAR spectrum using RGB sensors above the leaf and below the leaf. Corrected for leaf transmittance.

Chamber temperature:

Thermistor.

Leaf T:

Leaf temperature is measured with an infrared sensor.

Laisk protocol for Rd and Γ*.

Yin protocol for Rd.

Kok protocol for Rd.

gm Mesophyll conductance.

Cc CO2 at the site of carboxilation.

Γ Compensation point absent of day respiration.

Rd Respiration in the light.

Rd, Γ* and other parameters or constants may also be input manually.

Light curves & A/Q light response curves A/Ci curves, A/Cc curves.

FV/FM:

Maximum Photochemical efficiency of PSII.

FV/FO:

A more sensitive detector of stress than FV/FM, but it does not measure plant efficiency.

FO:

Minimum fluorescence.

FM:

Maximal fluorescence.

FV:

Variable fluorescence.

FM':

Maximal fluorescence with actinic illumination.

FS (or F):

Fluorescence under steady state conditions (prior to saturation pulse).

Y(II):

(ΦPSII or ΔF/Fm') Quantum Yield of PSII.

Rapid light curves

rETRMAX:

A measure of a leaf’s photosynthetic capacity or maximum electron transport rate

α is the initial slope of line at low PAR values created by relating ETR to PAR. It provides a measure of quantum efficiency.

Ik = rETRmax /α:

A measurement of the light intensity where light saturation dominates, or the minimum saturation level.

Hendrickson Quenching with NPQ:

Y(NPQ), Y(NO), Y(II), NPQ, FV/FM.

Kramer Quenching:

qL, Y(NPQ), Y(NO), Y(II), FV/FM.

Puddle model parameters:

NPQ, qN, qP, Y(II), FV/FM.

Walk Away automation sequence builder. Build a sequence, build a protocol, or stitch multiple protocols together.

Fluorometer Specifications

Light Sources:

Saturation pulse:

White LED with 690 nm short pass filter. 7,500 μmols.

Modulated light:

660 nm LED with 690 nm short pass filter.

Automated routine to optimally set the modulated light intensity. The modulated light may also be set manually.

Actinic light source:

White LED to 2000 μmols.

Far red light:

Above 740 nm.

Blue sensors for absorptance measurement

Red sensors for absorptance measurement

Green sensors for absorptance measurement

PAR Sensors:

Two silicon diodes.

One is inside the fluorometer chamber to measure PAR at the leaf level. It maintains a constant actinic light irradiation level throughout measuring routines, to ensure constant and proper intensity for steady state measurements. It is also used to measure absorptance diode intensity.

The second PAR sensor is on top of the fluorometer. It can be used to measure and track or set ambient light irradiation at the angle of the leaf. This sensor can be used to match ambient PAR intensity in the leaf chamber in an automatic fashion. When it is desired, this feature can be used set light level on partly cloudy days to either sunny conditions, or cloudy conditions to minimized the time required to reach steady state conditions for ambient light measurements.

Detection method:

Pulse modulation method.

Detector & Filters:

A PIN photodiode with a 700 ~ 750 nm bandpass filter.

Sampling Rate:

Auto-switching from 10 to 10,000 points per second, depending on phase of test.

Multi-Flash FM' correction for all light adapted protocols. (According to Loriaux 2013). It may be turned on or off.

Test Duration:

Adjustable from 20 seconds to 160 hours.

Storage Capacity:

2 Gigabytes of non-volitile internal flash memory.

Digital Output:

USB, SD/MMC 2 Gigabyte data cards .

Video output:

HDMI.

User Interface:

Display: Graphic color touch screen

Menu driven software.

Battery Life:

8 hours of continuous combined operation.